History of failed executions in light of the christa pike case

One week after her failed execution Christa Pike is off her ventilator and conscious and speaking. Although she apparently can only speak in a basic way and does not seem to recall the execution attempt. She is continuing to receive critical medical care while being handcuffed and shackled to her hospital bed. She did receive severe burns and blisters to her arms.

She is the only person known to have survived a complete execution attempt. In the U.S.

Her attorney’s say they are grateful for her medical team who are treating her like a human and are providing exceptional care to her. She is a survivor and is taking recovery one day at a time.

Her lawyers are continuing to ask Tennessee’s Governor to commute her death sentence to life in prison without the possibility of parole. After being convicted of first-degree murder, she has served more than 30 years in prison, mostly in solitary confinement, only to be brought out for a failed execution.

Her lawyer said, “This has been a serious punishment for a very serious and awful crime. I don’t think that attempting another execution is going to bring justice.”

At this point the state Attorney General’s Office hasn’t given an indication of whether they’ll seek to put her to death again.

Following the botched execution attempt, Randy Spivey, one of Christa’s attorneys called the process cruel and torturous stating that he counted seven needles in her left arm, one of which appeared to be bent when it was pulled from her. Her lawyers had warned the officials they might struggle to locate veins and cause her suffering in the process.

Of course, the disastrous attempt sparked widespread condemnation across the political spectrum and among advocates for banning the death penalty.

Also, Tennessee’s prison chief, Frank Strada resigned after the execution attempt. He was facing intensifying scrutiny with Christa’s lawyers saying this was the fifth botched execution under his leadership across two states.

In a November 2025 deposition, he said he brought Arizona’s execution protocol with him to help develop Tennessee’s revised procedures. He also acknowledged that a recommendation to consider hiring an employee or consultant with pharmaceutical expertise was not followed, explain that it was a recommendation rather than a requirement and that the lethal injection drug supplier had the necessary knowledge.

Besides Christa’s failed execution he also oversaw Tennessee’s other failed execution this past May of Tony Carruther’s where it took officials more Than an hour to locate a vein, prompting the procedure to be called off.

And in 2022 he was Deputy prison director in Arizona that the state carried out three executions that experts say were prolonged and botched.

In May 2022, the execution of Clarence Dixon, the execution team struggled to place IV’s to administer the legal drugs, ultimately requiring them to make an incision by his groin to insert the IV. The process took roughly forty minutes.

In June 2022, Frank Atwood had to help executioners to find a vein after officials repeatedly struggled to kill him.

And in November 2022, officials struggled to find a vein in Murray Hooper, forcing them to insert a catheter into his groin.

The death Penalty Information Center, a non-profit organization that studies capital punishment, classified all three Arizona executions as botched stating that is not a legal term, but the group says executions can be botched when there is a breakdown in protocol or unexpected problems or delays that cause needless suffering.

In the wake of the botched execution attempt a Catholic Nun, Helen Prejean, an advocate for abolition of the death penalty in America stated, “this is the essence of cruelty. Take a conscious, imaginative human being, giver her a date for her death, have her anticipate it over and over again, and then take her out and try to kill her. She was rendered defenseless as they deliberately attempted to kill her. What greater mental torture for a human being is there?

Dale Baich who represented Arizona death row prisoners during Frank Strada’s tenure said the fact that execution officials struggled to find veins suggested they were not qualified. If your job is to access veins, you should be able to do that. He said,” to me, it indicated the department of corrections did not properly vet those team members.”

In a 2023 declaration in a court case, Arizona’s corrections director said his review of execution procedures identified several critical issues, including inadequate knowledge and expertise of the people involved in executions, concerns about the IV teams’ procedures and concerns about the efficacy of the drugs.

In Tennessee, Frank Strada reduced the training requirements, which has seen disastrous results. Before he joined, Tennessee’s team were directed to practice catheterization with saline, but training guidelines put in place under him eliminated that requirement.

After he left Arizona, correction officials made changes to the state’s lethal injection process, including increasing the number of people on the IV team responsible for the injections and requiring more rigorous training. But he did not oversee similar changes in Tennessee, instead implementing a protocol that mirrored the older Arizona policy of requiring only two people on the IV team that does injections.

In a November 2025 deposition where Frank Strada was questioned by death row attorney’s he was asked what he considered to be a successful execution, to which he responded, “The condemned is put to death.”  The response echoed the same tunnel vision approach to executions that investigators had called out in the Tennessee-commissioned report in 2022.

In the 2025 deposition, he further acknowledged he had not followed some of the recommendations of the 2022 report, including failing to hire a full-time employee or consultant with a pharmaceutical background to provide guidance on the lethal injection process and failing to hire a full-time employee or consultant to assist with locating lethal injection sources.

What good is an independent investigation if those recommendations are ignored?

Governor Lee, who is term-limited after serving for eight years, will leave office in January. Republican US Sen. Marsha Blackburn, who is running to replace him, has called to bring back the electric chair to “deliver justice for these victims swiftly.”

Some Tennessee lawmakers, including state House Speaker Cameron Sexton, have also proposed allowing the firing squad as an alternative execution method.

Sexton stated that lawmakers must reevaluate the state’s execution methods. Asked which alternatives he would consider, he said, “I don’t think we’re going to close the books on anything.”

“I don’t think we’re going to limit what alternatives we may use. I think we’re going to look at all that as we look over the next several months to see what direction we want to go,” he said.

Firing squad executions are gradually reemerging as states struggle on several fronts to carry out lethal injections, facing inadequate supplies of drugs, failed executions and legal challenges by inmates. Lethal injection is authorized in all 27 death penalty states, but only five states have authorized firing squads, according to the Death Penalty Information Center.

Last year, South Carolina carried out the first firing squad execution in the US since 2010.

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